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As India's economy has been rapidly expanding, albeit temporarily hindered by the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a noticeable trend of urbanization and a shift away from agriculture. This phenomenon, known as the "push out of agriculture," is occurring despite the lack of alternative employment opportunities. The agricultural sector in India is facing numerous challenges, including low productivity, high debt levels among farmers, crop failures, and overall precarity. These issues have contributed to widespread agricultural distress in the country.

with the major shift in employment choices amongst the masses out of agriculture to other productive activities like technology and medicine. However, due to recent technological advances, farmers do not need to import dairy, fishers, and poultry when it can be done in mass production in factories that breed animals specifically for consumption. There is also mass labor migration from rural villages to cities to "make it big". Due to the fading Agrarian society, all these changes come about due to the large-scale change in academic institutions and policymakers which pushes for better well-being in individuals.

India has the world’s largest livestock population. It has about 57 percent of the world’s buffalo population and 15 percent of the cattle population. Today, the livestock sector provides alternate livelihoods to over 70 million small and marginal farmers, including landless laborers. In most rural areas, livestock farming is combined with crop farming to supplement income.

However, in the southern State of Karnataka occupational mobility has been growing since the 1990s. The younger generation does not view traditional occupations i.e. agriculture.

As per the census conducted in 2020, Karnataka is currently ranked sixth in terms of size among all Indian states. Notably, by 2021, the state is projected to reach a 50% urbanization rate, a testament to India's ongoing shift from a predominantly rural to a quasiurban society. This trend has been marked by a significant surge in the number of people relocating from rural areas to urban centers in search of better job opportunities and access to essential services like healthcare and education. Over the past two decades, India's urbanization process has witnessed a remarkable increase in population migration from rural to urban areas.

Karnataka consistently outperforms the national average in the realm of urban development. In contrast to other Indian states, Karnataka has been implementing reforms in urban development since 2002. Notably, Karnataka was the first state in India to introduce service level benchmarking for various urban development initiatives, including solid waste management, 24/7 water supply, underground drainage, health indices, financial management, and staffing levels. Through this approach, the state aims to evaluate the performance of urban local bodies in the State.

However, all this urbanization has led to the drawback in the state greenery known as the garden city of India is slowly turning into a concrete city filled with people from all walks of life stuffed into various

pockets into a large city all trying to make a better life and part take in the economic boom the city has to offer. But due to inflation gas prices and grocery prices have skyrocketed.

The urbanization trend in Karnataka exhibits a high urban primacy with Bangalore being the most urbanized district in the state with 90.94 percent of its population residing in urban areas, followed by Dharwad District, Dakshina Kannada District, Mysore District, and Bellary District.

This trend in urbanization has left a hole in the culture of rural Karnataka which relied heavily on agriculture and villages where houses and people had assigned roles to carry out and become self-sufficient they have now turned to factories and industrialized products that can be mass-produced for half the time and effort spent can easily be replaced by humans.

-Sandra Joanne